Abstract: In this paper, based on the theoretical derivation and experimental research to explore the efficient generation of thermoelectric materials. Firstly, reviewing thermoelectric power generation background., Secondly, using the first law of thermodynamics deduced on the power efficiency and output power, the results are that. when S =（1 + ZT₀）^1/2, power efficiency reaches the maximum, and when R/R_L = 1, geting the maximum output power. Secondly, using the Semiconductor thermoelectric generator of SP1848-27145 SA, controlling the variable to research,aims at researching the influence of the temperature difference between the series parallel and how the heat part and the cold source impact the generation efficiency of the output power. The experimental results show that the series system of thermoelectric generator is better than that of parallel system, and the change heat part and cold part has great influence on the power system. Finally, conbine theoretical and experimental results, the system through change the magnitude of R to affect the figure of R/R_L, and the infulence of S by changing the magnitude between heat part and cold part.