Abstract: By analyzing the effects of dispersion on the optical fiber communication transmission system, the fiber Prague grating(FBG)dispersion compensator is selected to solve the dispersion problem in the long distance communication system.The building optical communication simulation software optisystem) based on FBG dispersion compensation transmission system.By setting the parameters for the simulation 0f two-dimensional map analysis and observation of transmission system minimum bit error rate in fiber optical power,the discussion and analysis of the dispersion compensation and the minimum bit error rate in fiber optical power and FBG bandwidth range.