Abstract: Graphene's excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, optical properties, as well as the excellent elasticity and mechanical properties of polyurethane materials, have made graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites attract widespread attention in scientific research and industry. This article briefly introduces the structure and properties of graphene and polyurethane, and introduces the method of improving the dispersion performance of graphene and the method of preparing graphene/polyurethane composite material. The application of composite materials in shape memory materials, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, gas barrier materials and biomedical materials are reviewed. Eventually, the research prospects of graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites are prospected.