Abstract: High-temperature-resistant sensor technology is a critical technology for ensuring the stable operation of equipment in aerospace, petrochemical, metallurgy and other related fields under extreme high-temperature, high-pressure, strong corrosion and other harsh working conditions. It plays an important role in realizing real-time condition monitoring, fault early warning and performance optimization of equipment. Ceramic-based fiber-optic sensors such as silicon carbide (SiC) and sapphire exhibit excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, chemical stability and electromagnetic interference resistance. Based on the optical sensing principle, they can achieve stable, high-precision and long-term reliable monitoring of key parameters such as temperature, pressure and strain under severe conditions including ultra-high temperature and strong vibration, which effectively compensates for the shortcomings of traditional electronic sensors such as easy failure and accuracy drift in extreme environments. This paper thoroughly analyzes the domestic and international research progress from four aspects: the basic architecture of high-temperature-resistant fiber-optic sensors, micro-nano fabrication of ceramic sensitive structures, packaging principles and methods, and additive manufacturing of ceramic microstructures at fiber ends. Furthermore, the existing problems and future development directions of ceramic-based high-temperature-resistant fiber-optic sensor technology are discussed.