Abstract: The formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film at the anode-electrolyte interface during the first charge process, along with irreversible side reactions in subsequent cycles, consumes active lithium, resulting in irreversible capacity loss. This phenomenon has become a primary factor restricting the performance of long-cycle-life batteries. It may also induce electrode volume changes and structural collapse. Supplementing active lithium through prelithiation technology is an important approach to enhance battery performance. This paper systematically explores various prelithiation methods tailored to different electrode structures (particularly specific electrode types) and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of developing effective electrolyte, separator, and binder prelithiation technologies. The effectiveness of each strategy is evaluated in terms of improving initial capacity, enhancing cycle stability, resolving compatibility issues, and minimizing potential side effects. Additionally, the paper analyzes current challenges and provides an outlook on future development, aiming to offer references for the advancement and large-scale application of prelithiation technology.