Abstract: The quantum Hall resistance standard is a resistance metrology benchmark established based on the quantum Hall effect. The quantized Hall resistance, i.e., the quantum resistance, is determined solely by the fundamental physical constants—the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e. It enables high-accuracy reproduction of base units such as the ohm and the ampere in the International System of Units (SI), holding significant application value and development prospects in metrology and precision measurement. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress on quantum resistance, covering the historical development of the quantum Hall effect, its theoretical foundations, and the evolution of material systems. It presents detailed discussions on device fabrication and doping methods, device performance characteristics, and the principles of resistance value transfer systems. Finally, the paper offers a perspective on the future outlook of this field.